HomeServicesSustainability & ESGClimate Risk & TCFD / ISSB S2-Aligned DisclosureScope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Climate Risk & TCFD / ISSB S2-Aligned DisclosurePillar 4 — Metrics & Targets

Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Disclose Scope 1, 2, and (if appropriate) Scope 3 GHG emissions and related risks

Strategic context

What this element is — and why it matters

TCFD Metrics & Targets Disclosure (b) requires organisations to disclose Scope 1, Scope 2, and (where appropriate) Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions following the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard. The 2021 TCFD update strengthened Scope 3 disclosure expectations.

Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Individual significance for organisations

MT-b is the most-watched TCFD metric. ESG ratings, investor decisions, customer ESG-sourcing requirements, and SBTi validation all rest on GHG inventory quality.

Contribution to Climate Risk & TCFD / ISSB S2-Aligned Disclosure

MT-b is the foundation for MT-c targets and for SBTi validation. It also feeds CDP Climate Change, CSRD ESRS E1, SEBI BRSR, and SEC climate-rule disclosures.

Key requirements

What compliant execution looks like

Scope 1 — direct emissions
Scope 2 — indirect energy emissions (location + market-based)
Scope 3 — value chain emissions per 15 categories
External assurance per ISAE 3410 / ISO 14064-3
Implementation methodology

How we implement this element

A focused 6-step methodology calibrated to deliver scope 1, scope 2, and scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions as a working capability — not a documented compliance artefact.

GHG Inventory Boundary

Per GHG Protocol — organisational boundary (operational control, financial control, equity share); operational boundary (Scope 1, 2, 3).

Scope 1 Calculation

Direct emissions — stationary combustion, mobile combustion, process emissions, fugitive emissions; emission factors per IPCC / EPA / national.

Scope 2 Calculation

Indirect energy emissions; report both location-based and market-based per GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance.

Scope 3 Calculation

Per Scope 3 Standard — 15 categories (purchased goods, capital goods, fuel/energy, upstream T&D, waste, business travel, commuting, downstream T&D, use of sold products, end-of-life, etc.).

External Assurance

Engage assurance per ISAE 3410 / ISO 14064-3; progress from limited to reasonable; align with CDP scoring expectations.

Disclosure Authoring

Author MT-b per TCFD with full Scope 1/2/3 inventory + methodology + assurance statement; align with IFRS S2 / CSRD ESRS E1.

Implementation flow

Element-implementation flow chart

Decision-gated workflow showing the actual sequence of activities — from initiation through steady-state operation — with key decision points highlighted.

Start
GHG inventory baseline initiated
Boundary Definition
Operational + financial control + equity share
Scope 1 Calculation
Direct emissions per emission factor
Scope 2 Calculation
Location-based + market-based
Decision
Scope 3 Categories Material?
Decision gate per category
Scope 3 Calculation
Per material category (15 total)
External Assurance
ISAE 3410 / ISO 14064-3
Disclosure MT-b Authored
Per TCFD + IFRS S2 + CDP
Deliverables

What we produce

  • Scope 1/2/3 GHG inventory
  • External assurance statement
  • Disclosure MT-b content per TCFD
Common pitfalls

Where execution fails

  • Scope 3 categories arbitrarily excluded without materiality assessment
  • Scope 2 reported only location-based or only market-based, not both
  • External assurance absent — investor / regulator scrutiny
Related elements

Explore related elements in this framework

All elements in this framework

Climate Risk & TCFD / ISSB S2-Aligned Disclosure — full element index

Implement this element

Talk to us about implementing Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions

We can scope this element implementation against your facility, regulatory context, and existing management-system maturity — and integrate it with the other Climate Risk & TCFD / ISSB S2-Aligned Disclosure elements you already operate.