Risk Based Process Safety (RBPS)Understand Hazards and Risk

Hazard Identification & Risk Analysis

HAZOP, LOPA, QRA, Bow-Tie execution with 5-year revalidation discipline

Strategic context

What this element is — and why it matters

Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis is the engine that converts process knowledge into ranked, defensible risk decisions. The element spans the full study toolkit — HAZID at FEED, IEC 61882 HAZOP at detailed engineering, CCPS LOPA for IPL credit, IEC 61511 SIL allocation, QRA / FERA / OBRA for quantified consequence, Bow-Tie for barrier visualisation, ALARP demonstration, and HRA for human-error pathways.

Hazard Identification & Risk Analysis

Individual significance for organisations

HIRA is the highest-leverage process safety investment an organisation makes. A FEED-stage HAZOP costs 10-100× less than a post-startup retrofit and prevents the patterns we see in CSB major-incident reports. Organisations that treat HIRA as a defensible, traceable workflow protect their capital programme, regulatory standing, and insurance posture. Those that don't carry latent risk that materialises only in incidents.

Contribution to Risk Based Process Safety (RBPS)

HIRA is the analytical engine of Pillar 2 — converting Process Knowledge (Element 6) into risk decisions that drive Pillar 3 (Manage Risk) elements. It produces the action register that feeds MOC (Element 13), the SIL allocations that drive Asset Integrity (Element 10), the scenarios that shape Emergency Management (Element 16), and the IPL credits that protect operations. Without rigorous HIRA, the rest of the system operates on guesswork.

Key requirements

What compliant execution looks like

HAZID at FEED and detailed-design HAZOP per IEC 61882
SIL allocation per IEC 61511 + LOPA per CCPS
QRA / FERA / OBRA / EERA for quantified consequence
Bow-Tie analysis for major-accident-hazard barrier visualisation
ALARP demonstration per UK HSE R2P2 cost-benefit framework
5-year revalidation cycle with MOC trigger criteria
Implementation methodology

How we implement this element

A focused 6-step methodology calibrated to deliver hazard identification & risk analysis as a working capability — not a documented compliance artefact.

Study Programme Scoping

Map applicable studies per project stage and hazard inventory; align HAZID with FEED gate, HAZOP with detailed engineering, LOPA / SIL with SIS design.

Tool-Validated Workflow

Specify PHA-Pro / Easy-HAZOP / exSILentia / BowTieXP / PHAST per study type; enforce audit-trail discipline and version control.

Facilitator & Team Selection

Select TÜV / IChemE / CCPS-certified facilitator; ensure multidisciplinary team including operator and contractor representation.

Action Register Discipline

Classify actions per CCPS R/I/D, assign owner, target close-out, risk-rank gating; integrate with MOC and corrective-action database.

Risk Quantification

Run LOPA, QRA, FERA, ALARP studies per applicable consequence severity; calibrate against site tolerable-frequency matrix.

Revalidation & MOC Integration

5-year statutory revalidation + MOC-triggered partial revalidation; integrate with operator handover and shift training.

Implementation flow

Element-implementation flow chart

Decision-gated workflow showing the actual sequence of activities — from initiation through steady-state operation — with key decision points highlighted.

Start
PSM owner initiates HIRA programme for project / unit
Project Stage Assessment
FEED / detail / operations / post-incident
HAZID at FEED
Inventory, siting, layout, transport — early hazard register
HAZOP at Detailed Engineering
IEC 61882 node-by-node guide-word review
Decision
LOPA Required?
Decision gate
LOPA Worksheet Build
Scenario / IE / IPL / consequence per CCPS LOPA
SIL Allocation
IEC 61511 Cl.9 allocation per SIF candidate
Consequence Modelling
QRA / FERA / OBRA per consequence severity tier
Action Register Population
R/I/D classification, owner, target close-out, risk rank
MOC Integration
Action closure gate; partial revalidation on change
5-Year Revalidation
Statutory revalidation cycle initiation
Deliverables

What we produce

  • Study programme plan per project stage
  • PHA / HAZOP / LOPA / SIL / QRA / FERA workbooks
  • Action register with ownership and close-out tracking
  • ALARP demonstration report (where required)
  • Bow-Tie diagrams for major accident hazards
  • 5-year revalidation calendar with MOC trigger criteria
Common pitfalls

Where execution fails

  • Recycle-loop and dead-leg coverage gaps in HAZOP
  • LOPA double-counting of non-independent IPLs
  • SIL allocation by rule-of-thumb instead of calibrated method
  • Action register that doesn't close — recommendations filed but unverified
Related elements

Explore related elements in this framework

All elements in this framework

Risk Based Process Safety (RBPS) — full element index

Implement this element

Talk to us about implementing Hazard Identification & Risk Analysis

We can scope this element implementation against your facility, regulatory context, and existing management-system maturity — and integrate it with the other Risk Based Process Safety (RBPS) elements you already operate.